作者: 戴埴(宋) 體裁:雜言古詩

全宋詩熱度:
★★☆☆☆
戴埴作品熱度:
★★★☆☆

詩歌內容

玄黓執徐歲,月律終無射。

京師連雨雹,小者如彈,大者如拳。

林柯葉亂下,烏鳶折飛翮。

屋瓦砉劃遭擊撲,居人顛沛,行道錯愕。

初疑巨颶掀捲馮夷宮,淵珍散墮光閃爍。

復疑清霄萬裡驅長蛟,泣淚盈盈驟飄薄。

稜層水精碎,噴噀珠琲滑。

有識覷天巧,一何景象惡。

嘗聞聖人在上冬夏無愆伏,亭毒二氣不相剝。

破塊封條已無異,祉羽無勞驗風角。

今天子握極衡,運鬥樞,景化豫順,群慝蕭灼。

精祲胡未孚,冰雨墮霄幕。

其欲霈廣澤,胡不為甘霖,沾丐枯焦重甲拆。

其欲膏土脈,胡不為晞薤,厭浥瀼瀼普漸洽。

其欲表誅伐,胡不為皚𩅀,駟見而霣,草木黃落。

其欲弭蟄蟲、滋生植,胡不為嘉平之三白,驅蝗入地千百尺。

或雲水氣專一不解散,胡不為長河玉岸之寒冰,可納凌室助頒刷。

或雲陰氣脅陽不相入,胡不為氤氳五色之卿靄,葉應豐穰昭帝德。

此雹舒不如雨露,慘不如霜雪,結不如冰澌之嚴沍,散不如雲霧之蔥鬰。

天非欲示懲,詎用作戲劇。

漢儒說證應,紛紛太不一。

或賢邪易位,或賦斂苛刻,或妻妾失倫,或大臣擅法。

玄道幽且渺,牽附多穿鑿。

仲尼百世師,麟經戒侵逼。

此變凡在書,公室寖衰削。

自下凌上曰僭,以柔變剛曰剝。

沸湯湛冷泉,凝寒勝燠熱。

溫雨受陰氛,凌沍自然結。

時當秋氣杪,是理尤彰灼。

風起庚,庚作令。

日行西,西主殺。

數至九變,金乃從革。

大則為兵小刑罰,內外靡不以時決。

天地方會藏,沴候生京洛。

得非少皡執矩未潔齊,得非蓐收為正有顛錯,得非箕伯吞聲不掃除,青女護姦不除滅。

穹旻赫然奮嚴威,重陰膠固紛零落。

我願聖王覩此攬乾綱,用夬決,登俊良,屏邪慝。

陰塵靜掃單於庭,陽和徧龡鄒子律。

大明威威照九州,寒燠時序百穀熟。

天若雨珠真可噱,請以綴袞冕之十二旒,龍旂和鸞之纓絡。

白話文翻譯

在玄黓執徐這一年,

月律終結於無射之月。

京城接連遭受雨雹,

小的如彈丸,大的如拳頭。

林木枝葉紛亂落下,

烏鴉鷂鷹折斷飛羽。

屋瓦被擊打而碎裂,

居民顛沛流離,行路之人驚愕失措。

起初懷疑是巨大的颶風掀翻了河伯的宮殿,

深淵的珍寶散落,光芒閃爍。

又懷疑是萬里晴空驅趕著長蛟,

它的盈盈淚水驟然飄灑而下。

層層水晶般的水雹碎裂,

噴濺的珠串光滑溜走。

有識之士窺見天工的巧妙,

這是何等惡劣的景象!

曾聽說聖人在位時,冬夏沒有失常,

化育陰陽二氣,使它們不相沖突。

打破土塊、封閉枝條已無異常,

無需用羽毛占卜來驗證風向。

當今天子掌握北極星般的權柄,

運轉北斗的樞軸,教化昌明順利,各種邪惡都被清除。

為何精誠之氣尚未使人信服,冰雨卻從天空帷幕墜落?

若想普降恩澤,為何不成為甘霖,

滋潤那乾枯焦裂的厚重甲殼?

若想肥沃土地,為何不成為晨露,

溼潤豐沛,普遍漸次滲透?

若想顯示誅伐,為何不成為皚皚白霜,

當駟星出現而隕落時,草木枯黃凋零?

若想止息蟄蟲、滋生植物,為何不成為嘉平時節的瑞雪,

將蝗蟲驅入地下千百尺?

有人說水汽凝聚不散,

為何不成為長河玉岸的寒冰,

可以納入冰室協助頒賜?

有人說陰氣脅迫陽氣不相融合,

為何不成為五色祥和的雲氣,

協和感應豐年,昭顯帝王德行?

這冰雹,論舒潤不如雨露,

論悽慘不如霜雪,

論凝結不如寒冰的嚴酷凍結,

論消散不如雲霧的蔥鬱茂盛。

上天並非要顯示懲罰,豈能用作兒戲?

漢代儒生解說災異應驗,

眾說紛紜,極不統一。

有的說是賢邪易位,

有的說是賦稅苛刻,

有的說是妻妾失序,

有的說是大臣擅權枉法。

玄妙之道幽深渺遠,

牽強附會多有穿鑿。

孔子是百世之師,

《春秋》經中告誡侵凌逼迫。

此種災變凡在史書記載,

公室就逐漸衰微削弱。

以下犯上叫做僭越,

以柔變剛叫做剝蝕。

沸水注入冷泉,

凝寒勝過炎熱。

溫暖的雨遭遇陰冷之氣,

自然凝結成冰。

時值秋末,

這個道理尤為顯著。

風從庚位興起,庚行使它的號令。

太陽運行到西方,西方主掌殺伐。

數至九變,金行於是順從變革。

大則成為戰爭,小則成為刑罰,

內外無不按時決斷。

天地正逢閉藏之時,

災戾之氣生於京洛。

莫非是少昊執掌矩尺不夠整齊?

莫非是蓐收作為刑官有顛倒錯亂?

莫非是風伯吞聲不掃除汙穢?

莫非是青女庇護奸邪不予除滅?

蒼天赫然奮發威嚴,

重陰凝固堅固,紛紛零落。

我願聖王目睹此景,總攬朝綱,

運用決斷,進用賢良,屏退奸邪。

掃淨陰塵於單于的庭帳,

讓陽和之氣吹遍鄒衍的律管。

大明威嚴照耀九州,

寒暑應時,百穀豐熟。

上天若真下珍珠倒可笑,

請用來綴飾袞冕的十二旒,

以及龍旗鸞鈴的纓絡。

英文翻譯

In the year of Xuan Yi and Zhi Xu,

The lunar month ends with Wu She.

The capital is pelted by rain and hail,

Small as pellets, large as fists.

Leaves from forest branches scatter down,

Crows and kites break their wings in flight.

Roof tiles crack and shatter under the blows,

Residents are thrown into panic, travelers stand aghast.

At first, I thought a giant whirlwind churned the River Lord's palace,

Treasures from the deep scattering, glinting and flashing.

Then I wondered if a long dragon was driven across the clear sky,

Its copious tears suddenly falling thin and swift.

Layered crystal shatters,

Sprayed pearls slide smooth.

Those who discern Heaven's craft,

How dreadful a scene they behold!

I've heard when a sage reigns, winter and summer never stray,

Nurturing the two energies, they do not clash.

Breaking clods and sealing twigs show no difference,

No need for augury with feathers to test the wind's corner.

Now our Son of Heaven holds the pole star's balance,

Turns the Dipper's pivot, his bright rule smooth and favorable, all evils scorched away.

Why then has the essence not been trusted, icy rain falling from the sky's curtain?

If it wishes to spread wide blessings, why not be sweet rain,

Moistening the parched and cracked heavy armor?

If it wishes to enrich the soil's veins, why not be dew at dawn,

Soaking richly, spreading widely, gradually soaking through?

If it wishes to show punishment, why not be white frost,

When the four horses appear and fall, grass and trees yellow and wither?

If it wishes to halt hibernating insects, to foster growth,

Why not be the three snows of Jiaping, driving locusts underground a thousand feet?

Some say water vapor concentrates and will not disperse,

Why not be the cold ice of the long river's jade banks,

That can be stored in icehouses to aid distribution?

Some say yin energy oppresses yang, they do not blend,

Why not be the five-colored auspicious mist,

In harmony responding, heralding abundant harvests, displaying the emperor's virtue?

This hail, in relief, is not like rain or dew,

In bleakness, not like frost or snow,

In solidity, not like the severe freeze of ice,

In dispersal, not like the lush density of cloud and mist.

Heaven does not wish to show punishment, how could it be used for play?

Han Confucians' theories of portents,

Are numerous and far from uniform.

Some say worthy and evil change places,

Some say taxes are harsh and exacting,

Some say wives and concubines lose proper order,

Some say ministers arrogate the law.

The dark Way is deep and remote,

Forced connections often are far-fetched.

Confucius, teacher for a hundred generations,

In the Spring and Autumn Annals warned against encroachment.

This change, recorded in all books,

Shows the ducal house gradually declining and削弱.

From below encroaching above is called usurpation,

Using soft to change hard is called stripping.

Boiling water poured into a cold spring,

Congealing cold overcomes sweltering heat.

Warm rain meets yin atmosphere,

Naturally congeals into solid ice.

The season is at autumn's end,

This principle is especially clear.

Wind rises from Geng, Geng issues its command.

The sun travels west, west governs killing.

Numbers reach nine changes, metal then follows transformation.

Greatly it becomes war, smallly punishment,

Inside and out, all is decided in its time.

Heaven and earth just now store away,

Pestilential signs arise in the capital Luo.

Is it not that Shao Hao holding the square lacked purity?

Is it not that Ru Shou as regulator had颠倒 errors?

Is it not that Ji伯 swallowed his voice and did not sweep away?

The Green Maiden protected evil and did not eradicate?

The vault of heaven fiercely stirs its stern might,

Heavy yin congeals and固, scattering in零落.

I wish the sage king, seeing this, would grasp the cosmic reins,

Use decisive judgment, promote the worthy and good,屏除邪 and evil.

Sweep clean the阴 dust from the Chanyu's court,

Let阳 and harmony吹遍 Zou子's pitch-pipes.

The great sun, majestic, shines on the nine provinces,

Cold and warmth follow order, all grains ripen.

If Heaven rains pearls, truly laughable,

I ask to adorn the twelve tassels of the imperial crown,

The tassels of dragon banners and harmonious bells.

深度解構

曆法認知揭示時間治理的週期規律

詩意解析

詩意概括

以天文曆法隱喻自然秩序與歲月流轉

《雹》主題、情感、意象與語氣

主題: 祭祀 · 懷古 · 詠史 · 詠史 · 懷古

情感: 虔敬 · 肅穆 · 悵惘 · 肅穆 · 悵惘

意象: · 月律 · 玄黓 ·

語氣: 莊重 · 典雅 · 沉鬱 · 莊重 · 沉鬱

格律

平仄仄平仄,仄仄平平仄。
平平平仄仄,仄仄○○,仄仄○平。
平平仄仄仄,平平○平仄。
仄仄仄仄平仄仄,平平平仄,○仄仄仄。
平平仄?平仄平平平,平平仄○平仄仄。
仄平平平仄仄○○平,仄仄平平仄平仄。
平平仄平仄,○仄平仄仄。
仄仄仄平仄,仄平仄仄仄。
平○仄平仄仄平仄平平仄,平仄仄仄仄○仄。
仄仄○平仄平仄,仄仄平○仄平仄。
平平仄仄仄平,仄仄平,仄仄仄仄,平仄平仄。
平平平仄平,平仄○平仄。
○仄仄仄仄,平仄平平平,○仄平平○仄仄。
○仄○仄仄,平仄平平仄,仄仄平平仄仄仄。
○仄仄平仄,平仄平平仄,仄仄平仄,仄仄平仄。
○仄仄仄平?平平仄,平仄平平平平○仄,○平仄仄平仄仄。
仄平仄仄平仄仄仄仄,平仄平○平仄仄平平平,仄仄平仄仄平仄。
仄平平仄仄平仄○仄,平仄平平平仄仄平平仄,仄○平○○仄仄。
仄仄平仄○仄仄,仄仄○平仄,仄仄○平○平平仄,仄仄○平仄平平仄。
平平仄仄平,仄仄仄仄仄。
仄平仄仄○,平平仄仄仄。
仄平平仄仄,仄仄仄平仄,仄○仄仄平,仄仄平仄仄。
平仄平○仄,○仄平○仄。
仄○仄仄平,平平仄平仄。
仄仄平仄平,平仄仄平仄。
仄仄平仄仄仄,仄平仄平仄仄。
仄○仄仄平,○平○仄仄。
平仄仄平平,平仄仄平仄。
平○平仄仄,仄仄平平仄。
平仄平,平仄仄。
仄○平,平仄仄。
仄仄仄仄,平仄○仄。
仄仄平平仄平仄,仄仄仄仄仄平仄。
平仄平仄○,仄仄平平仄。
仄平仄仄仄仄仄仄平,仄平仄○平○仄平仄,仄平平仄平平仄仄○,平仄仄平仄○仄。
平平仄平仄平平,○平○仄平平仄。
仄仄仄○仄仄仄平平,仄仄仄,平仄平,○平仄。
平平仄仄平平○,平○仄?平仄仄。
仄平平平仄仄平,平仄平仄仄仄仄。
平仄仄平平仄仄,仄仄仄仄仄平仄仄平,平平○平平平仄。

本詩為雜言古詩,押平聲韻。

戴埴生平簡介

戴埴,南宋文人,生卒年及籍貫均不詳,主要活動於南宋中後期。其生平事蹟在正史中記載極少,僅通過少量存世詩作及筆記文獻得以窺見。在文學史上,他屬於較為冷門的詩人,作品流傳不廣,但部分詩作反映了當時的社會風貌與文人心態,具有一定的認識價值。

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