岷峨歎

作者: 程公許(宋) 體裁:七言古詩

全宋詩熱度:
★★☆☆☆
程公許作品熱度:
★★★★☆

詩歌內容

出門厭氛囂,

歸臥集萬感。

憑高一以眺,

忽覺岷峨慘。

岷峨山色千古同,

非煙非霧愁溟濛。

杜陵昔歎珠玉走,

彼猶有幸天府供。

人才何但珠玉貴,

不得與爾包貢同上明光宮。

山靈對我有慙色,

茲事如何專汝責。

非關地氣有衰旺,

直恐峽山之流日夜蕩潏傷土脈。

不然君相造命天地同其公,

車書萬里文軌通。

南金東箭輸不竭,

岷峨之産何獨窮。

沉思夜繼日,

嘆息復嘆息。

忽夢神官自天下,

手持山靈一尺檄。

鴻濛昔剖分,

帝命作鎮主坤文。

石紐之禹為帝平水土,

周家創業繫我彭濮人。

紀信忠漢世,

甘受黃屋焚。

何武仗劍起,

義不屈莽新。

費貽任永恥為井蛙辱,

張綱李固義烈排秋旻。

炎精焰冷國鼎峙,

惟我全蜀倔強為漢臣。

人人名節九鼎重,

餘事文章兼隠淪。

子雲相如王子淵,

康山之李金華陳。

涪江釣叟卜君平,

千載猶能想清塵。

皇皇藝祖得天統,

北辰中天眾星拱。

蜀遠只在殿西頭,

一言撤盡藩牆壅。

陳蘇范氏奮孤寒,

事業詞華兩推重。

渡江勳績張與虞,

太史之李如晉董。

江漢炳靈世載英,

摭之前牒如丹青。

昔何烜兮今昧昧,

山靈未必真忘情。

富貴由來多捷徑,

強聒最為蜀人病。

君不見山澤之臞宋郎中,

奏篇語洩經遠屏。

經明行修李兵部,

陛對萬言傷骨鯁。

氣豪最說薛祕書,

去國七年惟日飲。

陛下何曾讐讜言,

睢盱萬目寧汝捐。

傷哉三君皆九原,

抵玉於地那得全。

幸今耆舊滿巖穴,

一一無非爽邦哲。

柱史德望國蓍龜,

開府忠丹老彌烈。

參政未起東山臥,

李也立螭著名節。

少卿仙谷勤著書,

渡瀘歸釣二江雪。

侍郎斥還病少瘳,

校書執喪憤尤切。

廟堂何忍蜀才棄,

渠自方頭觸人忌。

岷峨為渠方含羞,

渠不知悔尚我尤。

汝行為我丁寧說與諸賢道,

二府榮途豈難到。

九重天上列仙班,

厚祿高官清且要。

鑿方何能入枘圓,

使少貶之寧不然。

我聞斯言意戃怳,

夢覺披衣獨惆悵。

窮達其如天命何,

為士當先識趣嚮。

諸賢等是儒中英,

秉心那知有得喪。

憑誰為我謝山靈,

彼達觀兮寧可誑。

嗚呼參井之躔五十有六州,

文風自古能與齊魯侔。

三光氣全愛護猶如心與腹,

今半天下視之乃若贅與疣。

戀芻伏下姑汝留,

不然朝奏暮斥急理泝峽之扁舟。

君看兩三使節晨星猶,

下此六六州縣皆依流。

縱有志士能姱修,

長安日遠可想不可遊。

立賢無方自古訓,

誰能叩閽上訴十二之冕旒。

才生於世養之艱而折之易,

譬諸豫章杞梓倉猝寧可求。

風塵澒洞暗宇縣,

不有烝徒誰與謀。

白駒空谷長逍遙,

可能縶之永今朝。

白話文翻譯

走出門外,厭倦了塵世的喧囂;

歸來躺下,萬千感慨湧上心頭。

憑靠高處,放眼眺望,

忽然覺得岷山與峨眉山景色悽慘。

岷山與峨眉山的山色千古相同,

不是煙也不是霧,卻愁雲慘澹、迷濛不清。

杜甫昔日曾嘆息珠玉般的人才流散,

但他們還算幸運,能被天府(朝廷)所用。

人才何止像珠玉那樣珍貴,

卻不能與你(岷峨之才)一同作爲貢品獻上明光宮。

山靈對我露出慚愧的神色,

這件事如何能專門歸責於你?

並非關乎地氣的衰敗或旺盛,

只怕峽江的流水日夜沖刷侵蝕,損傷了土地的脈理。

否則,君主宰相造命當與天地同樣公正,

車同軌、書同文,萬里疆域文化相通。

南方的金、東方的箭,貢賦輸送永不枯竭,

爲何唯獨岷峨的物產(人才)如此困窮?

我沉思不已,夜以繼日,

嘆息又再嘆息。

忽然夢見神官從天而降,

手中拿著山靈的一尺檄文。

遠古鴻蒙初開、天地分判之時,

天帝命令你鎮守大地、主持坤文(西南之文)。

石紐的大禹爲帝平治水土,

周朝創業也聯繫著我蜀地的彭人、濮人。

紀信忠誠於漢室,甘願承受黃屋焚身之禍;

何武仗劍而起,堅守大義不屈從王莽新朝。

費貽、任永以做井底之蛙爲恥而受辱,

張綱、李固的忠義氣節凜然直衝秋日蒼穹。

漢室炎精之火冷卻、國鼎傾側之時,

唯有我整個蜀地倔強地堅守爲漢臣的節操。

人人看重名節,重於九鼎,

其餘的事如文章著述與隱居避世也都兼善。

揚雄、司馬相如、王子淵(王褒),

康山的李(?)、金華的陳(?)。

涪江的釣叟嚴君平,

千年之後仍能想見其清高的風範。

光輝顯赫的藝祖(宋太祖)獲得天命正統,

如同北辰居於中天,衆星環繞拱衛。

蜀地雖遠,只在殿廷的西頭,

他一句話就撤除了所有藩籬阻隔。

陳、蘇、范氏從孤寒中奮起,

事業與文采兩者都受到推崇。

南渡後的功績有張浚與虞允文,

太史李(?)如同晉國的董狐。

江漢之地靈秀,世代承載英傑,

拾取前代典籍,事跡鮮明如丹青。

昔日何等顯赫,如今卻暗淡不明,

山靈未必真的忘卻了情義。

富貴歷來多有捷徑可走,

強聒不休、直言極諫最是蜀人的毛病。

你難道沒看見,山澤清瘦的宋郎中(宋祁?),

奏章言語洩露,被遠謫屏棄。

通曉經義、品行修美的李兵部(李?),

殿前應對萬言,因骨鯁直言而受傷。

氣概豪邁最數薛祕書(薛?),

去國七年,惟以飲酒度日。

陛下何曾仇視過正直的言論?

但衆目睽睽、怒目而視,豈能輕易捨棄你?

可悲啊,這三位君子都已歸於九原(逝世),

如同將美玉擲地,怎能保全?

幸而如今耆舊賢士布滿岩穴,

每一位無不是使國家昌明的賢哲。

柱史(御史)德高望重,是國家的蓍龜(占卜重器),

開府(高級武官)忠肝義膽,年老而更熾烈。

參政(參知政事)尚未從東山臥起,

李公(李?)立於螭首(殿階)聲名節操顯著。

少卿在仙谷勤奮著書,

渡過瀘水,歸來垂釣於二江雪景之中。

侍郎被斥退還朝,病體稍愈,

校書(官名)執守喪禮,悲憤尤爲深切。

廟堂(朝廷)怎忍心拋棄蜀地人才?

只是他們自己方頭(倔強)觸犯了人忌。

岷峨正因他們而含羞,

他們不知悔改,還來責備我。

你且去爲我懇切地告訴諸位賢士,

二府(中書、樞密)的榮耀仕途豈難達到?

九重天上排列著仙班,

厚祿高官,清要顯貴。

方枘怎能插入圓鑿?

讓他們稍作貶抑,難道不行嗎?

我聽了這番話心意恍惚,

夢醒後披衣獨自惆悵。

窮困與顯達,天命又能如何?

爲士之人應當先認清志趣方向。

諸位賢士都是儒林中的英傑,

持守本心,哪知有什麼得失計較。

靠誰爲我向山靈致謝?

那種達觀的態度,豈可欺誑?

唉,參宿和井宿分野的這五十六州,

文風自古就能與齊魯之地相匹敵。

日月星三光之氣完備,愛護它猶如心腹,

如今半個天下看待它卻如同贅疣。

像眷戀草料的牲畜伏在廄下,姑且留在此地,

否則早晨上奏晚上就被斥逐,趕緊準備溯峽而上的扁舟。

你看那兩三位使節如同晨星般稀少,

其下這六六(衆多)州縣都隨波逐流。

縱使有志之士能夠美好修持,

長安日遠,可以想像卻難以遊歷。

舉薦賢才沒有固定方所,是自古的訓則,

誰能叩擊宮門,向那十二旒冕的皇帝上訴?

人才生於世間,培養艱難而摧折容易,

好比豫章、杞梓這類良木,倉促間怎能求得?

風塵瀰漫,天地昏暗,

沒有衆多賢士,誰來共謀大計?

白駒在空谷中長久逍遙,

怎能將它拴住,永遠困於今朝?

我歌聲慷慨,豈只是私下爲岷峨憂愁,

勞心憂忡,實在是與天地共其先憂。

英文翻譯

I step out, weary of the world's clamor;

Return to lie down, a thousand feelings gather.

I climb high and gaze afar,

Suddenly, Min and E's hues turn somber.

The mountains' colors, through ages, remain the same,

Not mist, not smoke, but a sorrowful, hazy frame.

Du Fu once lamented that pearls and jade had fled,

Yet they were still fortunate, in Heaven's storehouse laid.

Talent is worth more than pearls and jade, I plead,

Why can't you, like them, to the Bright Palace proceed?

The mountain spirit wears a face of shame for me,

How can this matter rest solely on thee?

It's not about the earth's energy's decline or rise,

But fear the Gorge's streams erode the land under the skies.

Otherwise, rulers shaping fate, as Heaven's decree,

With unified scripts, carts traverse miles, all lands free.

Southern gold, eastern arrows, tribute never ends,

Why alone are Min and E's products without friends?

I ponder deep, night follows day,

Sighing and sighing, in dismay.

Suddenly, a divine official descends in dream,

Holding a foot-long edict from the mountain, it would seem.

In primal chaos, when the world was split,

The Emperor ordered you to steady the earth's writ.

At Stone Button, Yu leveled floods for the throne,

The Zhou's founding tied to our Peng and Pu's own.

Ji Xin loyal to Han, chose a fiery fate,

Gan, with sword drawn, against the usurper stood straight.

Fei Yi and Ren Yong scorned the frog-in-well's disgrace,

Zhang Gang and Li Gu, righteous, challenged autumn's space.

When the flame of Han grew cold, the tripod stood askew,

Only our whole Shu, stubborn, as Han's subjects true.

Each man's name and integrity, like nine tripods, weigh,

Beyond, their writings and reclusion hold sway.

Ziyun, Xiangru, Wang Ziyuan, in fame they share,

Li of Kangshan, Chen of Jinhua, talents rare.

The old angler of Fu River, Bu Junping's lore,

After a thousand years, his pure dust we still adore.

The glorious founding emperor gained Heaven's line,

The North Star central, all stars in concert shine.

Shu, though distant, at the hall's west end does stay,

One word removed all barriers in the way.

Chen, Su, and Fan rose from humble, lonely cold,

Their deeds and literary arts both extolled.

Crossing the river, merits of Zhang and Yu told,

Li the Grand Historian, like Dong of Jin, bold.

The Jiang and Han's bright spirit, heroes age to age,

Gathered from past records, as vivid as a page.

Once so radiant, now dim and unclear,

The mountain spirit may not truly be insincere.

Wealth and honor often come by shortcuts, it's said,

Shu people's flaw: too loudly their views are spread.

Have you not seen Song Langzhong, gaunt from mountain and mere,

His memorial's words leaked, sent far, to disappear?

Li of the War Ministry, learned and upright,

Ten thousand words to the throne, his bones in grievance tight.

Most spirited, Secretary Xue, we acclaim,

Seven years exiled, only daily drink his aim.

Your Majesty never hated honest speech, in truth,

Yet myriad eyes stare, would you forsake this youth?

Alas, three gentlemen now in the earth's deep breast,

Jade dashed to ground, how can it be whole and blessed?

Fortunately, elders now fill caves and hills,

Each one a wise man who the country's fortune wills.

The Censor's virtue, the state's divining shell,

The General's loyal heart, with age, burns fierce and well.

The Councillor, not yet risen from Eastern Hill's repose,

Li, at the dragon's throne, his famed integrity shows.

Shaoqing, in immortal valley, books compile,

Crossing Lu, back to fish Two Rivers' snow, with style.

The Vice-Minister, recalled though ill, recovers slight,

The Editor in mourning, indignation burns bright.

How can the court bear to discard Shu's talent so?

They, square-headed, touch taboos, and thus must go.

Min and E, for them, now hide in shame,

They, unrepentant, still on me lay blame.

Go, for me, earnestly tell these worthies all,

The two high offices' glory is not a distant call.

In the ninth heaven, immortals in ranks stand,

High posts, fat salaries, pure and in command.

How can a square peg fit a round hole's space?

If slightly demoted, wouldn't that be the case?

Hearing these words, my mind in confusion strays,

Awake, I don my robe, alone in disarray.

Poverty or success, what can we do with Heaven's will?

A scholar must first know where his aspirations fill.

These worthies are all Confucian elites, indeed,

Their hearts hold fast, no thought of gain or need.

Who can, for me, thank the mountain spirit, pray?

That broad perspective—can it be led astray?

Alas, the lodgings of Shen and Jing, fifty-six states,

Their literary grace since olden times with Qi and Lu debates.

The three lights' essence whole, cherished as heart and core,

Now half the world sees them as warts, and nothing more.

Like livestock crouched below, you linger there,

Or else, morning memorial, evening exile, prepare a boat upstream with care.

See, two or three envoys like morning stars are few,

Below, six times six counties all follow the current's flow.

Even if a man of will can cultivate his art,

Chang'an is far, a dream, kept apart.

No fixed way to raise the worthy, an ancient creed,

Who can knock at the palace gate, to the twelve-tasseled crown plead?

Talent, born to the world, nurtured hard but broken swift,

Like camphor trees or catalpa, in haste, can't lift.

Wind and dust darken the realm, a murky plight,

Without multitudes, who will plan for the light?

White colt in empty valley, long at ease,

Could it be tethered forever, if one please?

My song is fervent—not for Min and E alone I sigh,

My anxious heart—it shares Heaven and Earth's worry, high.

深度解構

周期視角下,厭囂歸臥體現個體與環境的動態博弈。

詩意解析

詩意概括

表達對世俗喧囂的厭倦與歸臥後的萬千感慨

《岷峨歎》主題、情感、意象與語氣

主題: 詠志 · 羈旅 · 思鄉 · 羈旅 · 思鄉 · 詠志

情感: 孤寂 · 惆悵 · 沉鬱 · 惆悵 · 沉鬱

意象: · · 氛囂 · ·

語氣: 抒情 · 沉鬱 · 素淡 · 沉鬱

格律

仄平仄平平,
平仄仄仄仄。
平平仄仄仄,
仄仄平平仄。
平平仄平仄平,
平平仄平○平。
平仄○平仄仄,
○仄仄平仄仄。
平平仄平仄仄,
仄平仄平平平。
平仄仄仄平仄,
仄○平平仄仄。
平仄仄仄平仄,
仄仄仄平仄仄。
仄平仄平○平,
平仄仄平仄平。
平平仄○仄仄,
平平仄平仄平。
平○仄仄仄,
○仄仄○仄。
仄平平仄平仄,
平平平仄仄仄。
平平仄仄○,
仄仄仄仄平平。
仄平仄平仄仄,
仄仄仄平仄平。
仄仄平仄仄,
平仄平仄平。
平仄仄仄仄,
仄仄仄仄平。
仄仄平仄平仄,
仄仄仄平平平。
平仄仄仄仄仄,
仄仄平平仄平。
平平仄仄仄○,
仄平平○仄平。
平○○○仄平,
平平仄平平平。
平仄○仄平平,
仄○平仄平平。
平仄仄仄平仄,
平○平仄平仄。
仄仄仄仄平平,
平仄仄平平○。
平仄仄仄平平,
仄平平仄平○。
平平仄○仄平,
仄平仄○仄仄。
仄仄平仄仄平,
平平仄○平平。
平仄平平仄仄,
平仄仄平仄平。
仄平平平仄仄,
仄仄平仄平仄。
仄平平仄平○,
平仄仄平仄○。
平○平仄平仄,
仄仄平平仄仄。
平仄仄仄仄平,
仄仄平平仄仄。
仄平平平仄平,
平仄仄平仄平。
平○平平仄平,
仄平仄仄仄平。
平平仄仄平仄,
仄平平仄平仄。
仄仄仄仄平平,
仄平平仄平仄。
仄仄仄平平仄,
仄仄平仄平仄。
平平仄平仄平,
平平仄仄平仄。
平仄平仄仄平,
平仄○仄平仄。
平平仄仄平仄,
仄平平仄平仄。
平平平平平平,
仄平仄仄仄平。
平仄仄平平仄,
仄平平仄○仄。
○平仄仄平平,
仄平平平○仄。
平平平仄仄平,
仄仄平平仄平。
○平平仄?仄,
仄平○仄平仄。
仄○○平仄平,
仄○平仄仄仄。
平仄仄平○平,
平仄平仄仄○。
平平仄仄平平,
仄○平平仄仄。
平仄仄仄仄平,
仄平仄平仄平。
仄○○平仄仄,
平仄仄仄仄平。
平仄仄平仄○,
仄仄仄平○平。
○仄仄平平○,
仄平○平平平。
仄仄仄平平平,
仄仄仄仄仄平。
平平平仄仄仄,
仄仄仄平仄平。
平平平○平仄,
仄平仄平仄平。
平仄仄仄仄○,
仄○平平仄平。
平○仄○平平,
平仄平仄平平。

本詩為七言古詩,押平聲韻。

程公許生平簡介

程公許,南宋時期眉州人,具體生卒年不詳。他在文學史上以詩文創作聞名,尤其擅長擬古之作,其作品體現了對前代文學傳統的繼承與個人情感的抒發,是南宋中後期一位具有一定影響力的文人,但流傳事跡相對較少。

瀏覽程公許全部宋詩與作者介紹 →

東山書院編輯整理