楩柟枯峥嵘,乡党皆莫记。
不知几百岁,惨惨无生意。
上枝摩皇天,下根蟠厚地。
巨围雷霆坼,万孔虫蚁萃。
冻雨落流胶,冲风夺佳气。
白鹄遂不来,天鸡为愁思。
犹含栋梁具,无复霄汉志。
良工古昔少,识者出涕泪。
种榆水中央,成长何容易。
截承金露盘,袅袅不自畏。
楩柟枯峥嵘,乡党皆莫记。
不知几百岁,惨惨无生意。
上枝摩皇天,下根蟠厚地。
巨围雷霆坼,万孔虫蚁萃。
冻雨落流胶,冲风夺佳气。
白鹄遂不来,天鸡为愁思。
犹含栋梁具,无复霄汉志。
良工古昔少,识者出涕泪。
种榆水中央,成长何容易。
截承金露盘,袅袅不自畏。
高大的楩楠树枯瘦而高耸,
乡里邻居都已不记得它。
不知已有几百岁,
凄惨地毫无生机。
上面的枝条摩挲着皇天,
下面的根须盘绕在厚地。
巨大的树干被雷霆劈裂,
万千孔洞聚集着虫蚁。
冻雨落下(带出)流胶,
狂风夺走了它的美好气息。
白鹄于是不再飞来,
天鸡也为之愁思。
(它)仍然具备栋梁之材,
却不再有直冲云霄的志向。
优秀的工匠古来就少,
识货的人为此流下眼泪。
(而)把榆树种在水中央,
成长起来多么容易?
(却能被)截断用来承接金露盘,
袅袅婷婷地不自知畏惧(喻小人得志)。
The tall nanmu trees stand withered and steep,
None in the village remember their keep.
Unknown how many centuries they've stood,
Gloomy and bleak, devoid of any good.
Their upper branches rub the imperial sky,
Their lower roots coil deep in earth nearby.
Their huge girth split by thunder's might,
Ten thousand holes gather insects in blight.
Freezing rain falls, sap flows like glue,
Gusty winds snatch their vital breath anew.
White swans thus come no more in flight,
Heavenly pheasants brood with sorrow's plight.
They still possess the makings of a beam,
But no more aspire to reach heaven's gleam.
Master craftsmen have been rare since olden days,
Those who recognize them shed tears of praise.
To plant an elm in water's central part,
How easily can it grow, a fragile art?
Yet cut to hold the golden dew plate tall,
Graceful and slender, it fears not at all.
杜甫以枯楠自况,抒怀才不遇之愤。
通过巨材与浮木的对比,深刻揭示了价值认知错位下的人才悲剧。
描绘枯朽楠木的惨淡形态,寄托栋梁之材沦落的悲慨
峥嵘 · 惨惨 · 霄汉 · 良工 · 涕泪
本诗为五言古诗,押平声韵。
东山书院编辑整理