责庲

作者: 刘学箕(宋) 体裁:杂言古诗

全宋诗热度:
★★★☆☆
刘学箕作品热度:
★★★☆☆

诗歌内容

我生不辰八岁孤,伯父薨逝叔父无。

长才十五立志苦,不敢怠惰知读书。

汝生父子不识面,母慈育字如捧珠。

那知汝更命苦极,八龄甫及母亦殂。

幸有阿叔相持扶,叔亦痛念同气余。

辛勤鞠养力尽瘁,五载为汝六请师。

固知门户要人兴,切切训诲口欲枯。

有言弗听日益懒,乖劣气习移下愚。

朅来值我有行役,恐汝质变为小夫。

携俱不惮数千里,跳走健胜猿与狙。

水行为汝爱江湖,出陆每愁山险纡。

川途忧愁念虑苦,摩拊岂啻亲子如。

傍舟终日捞虾鱼,坐舆人夫肩□□。

□呶徒自费牙颊,事不获己施鞭蒲。

潜窥谛视不少改,谑浪笑傲仍前初。

圣经有味懒不读,对字粗晓平侧呼。

吾家七世身业儒,忠孝学术夸乡闾。

汝当更明所自出,挺挺当代文公朱。

不悛祇为先德羞,失教何异犬马猪。

稍长面目益可憎,侪辈戏弄人见疏。

我今极口复汝说,速宜悔念毋忽诸。

嬉游傥更不检束,命也奈何吾已夫。

白话文翻译

我生不逢时,八岁就成了孤儿,

伯父去世了,叔父也不在了。

刚刚十五岁,我就立志刻苦,

不敢懈怠懒惰,知道必须努力读书。

你出生后从未见过父亲的面,

母亲慈爱地养育你,视你如掌上明珠。

谁知你的命运更加凄苦,

刚到八岁,母亲也去世了。

幸好有叔叔扶持照顾你,

叔叔也痛心地顾念着同宗的情分。

他辛勤地抚养你,竭尽全力,

五年里为你请了六位老师。

他深知门户需要有人振兴,

恳切地教诲你,说得口干舌燥。

你有话不听,一天比一天懒散,

乖张恶劣的习气,使你变得近乎愚钝。

近来正逢我要远行出差,

担心你的本质会堕落成庸俗之人。

我不怕数千里路途遥远带你同行,

你蹦跳行走,比猿猴还敏捷。

走水路时,为了你,我喜爱江湖景色,

走陆路时,却常忧愁山路险峻曲折。

旅途的忧患和思虑很是辛苦,

我对你的抚爱关怀,岂止像对待亲生儿子。

你整天靠在船边捞虾捕鱼,

坐在轿子里,轿夫的肩膀承受着重担。

你喧哗吵闹只是白费口舌,

事情不得已,我才动用鞭子责罚。

暗中观察,你几乎没有改变,

戏谑放浪、傲慢嬉笑,仍和从前一样。

圣贤经典意味深长,你却懒于阅读,

对着文字,只粗略知道平仄读音。

我家七代人都以儒业立身,

忠孝和学问被乡里夸赞。

你应当更明白自己的出身,

要像当代的文公朱熹那样挺拔卓立。

若不悔改,只会使先人的德行蒙羞,

缺乏教养,与犬马猪狗有何区别?

年纪稍长,你的面目越发可憎,

同辈人戏弄你,旁人也疏远你。

我现在极力向你陈说,

你应赶快悔悟反思,不要忽视这些话。

如果嬉戏游荡仍然不加约束,

那就是命了,我能怎么办呢?我已无可奈何。

英文翻译

I was born in an ill-fated hour, orphaned at eight years old,

My elder uncle passed away, my younger uncle was no more.

At fifteen, barely grown, I set my will on bitter toil,

Dared not be idle or slack, knowing I must study hard.

You were born without ever seeing your father's face,

Your mother nurtured you with love, holding you like a pearl.

Who knew your fate would be even more bitterly harsh,

At just eight years of age, your mother too departed.

Fortunately, your uncle was there to support and hold you up,

He also grieved deeply, remembering our shared blood.

Toiling and raising you, he exhausted all his strength,

For five years, he sought six tutors just for your sake.

Knowing well the family's future needs someone to rise,

He earnestly instructed you until his mouth ran dry.

You heed no words, growing lazier by the day,

Your vile habits shift you toward the basest fool.

Now that I must travel far on duty,

I fear your nature will decay into a petty man.

I take you along, undaunted by thousands of miles,

You leap and run, more nimble than apes or macaques.

By water, for your sake, I cherish rivers and lakes,

On land, each time I worry over winding mountain perils.

The journey's cares and troubled thoughts are bitter indeed,

My caresses and concern surpass that for my own child.

All day by the boat you scoop for shrimp and fish,

In the sedan chair, the bearers' shoulders bear the weight.

Your clamor merely wastes your own lips and teeth,

With no other choice, I must apply the whip and rod.

Peeking and watching stealthily, you show little change,

Mocking and laughing recklessly, you remain as before.

The sacred classics hold deep flavor, yet you lazily refuse to read,

You barely recognize characters, roughly calling out their tones.

For seven generations, our family has lived as scholars,

Loyalty, filial piety, and learning are praised throughout the village.

You ought to better understand your own origins,

Stand tall like the esteemed Master Zhu of our age.

If unrepentant, you only shame our ancestors' virtue,

Lacking instruction, how are you different from dogs, horses, or swine?

As you grow older, your face becomes more detestable,

Playmates tease and mock you, people keep their distance.

Now I speak to you with utmost urgency,

Repent quickly, reflect, do not neglect these words.

If in play and wandering you still lack restraint,

Fate, what can be done? As for me, I am done.

深度解构

家族成员的缺席,动摇了早期情感认同的基础。

诗意解析

诗意概括

叙述幼年失怙、家族零落的孤苦身世与悲慨。

《责庲》主题、情感、意象与语气

主题: 咏志 · 羁旅 · 思乡

情感: 孤寂 · 沉郁 · 悲凉

意象: 伯父 · · 叔父 · 我生

语气: 抒情 · 沉郁 · 素淡

格律

仄平仄平仄仄平,仄仄平仄仄仄平。
○平仄仄仄仄仄,仄仄仄仄平仄平。
仄平仄仄仄仄仄,仄平仄仄○仄平。
仄平仄○仄仄仄,仄平仄仄仄仄平。
仄仄平仄○平平,仄仄仄仄平仄平。
平平仄仄仄仄仄,仄仄平仄仄仄平。
仄平平仄仄平○,仄仄仄仄仄仄平。
仄平仄○仄仄仄,平仄仄仄平仄平。
仄平仄仄仄○仄,仄仄仄仄平仄平。
平平仄仄仄平仄,平仄仄○平仄○。
仄○平仄仄平平,仄仄仄平平仄平。
平平平平仄○仄,平○仄仄○仄○。
仄平平仄平平平,仄平平平平??。
?平平仄仄平仄,仄仄仄仄仄平平。
仄平仄仄仄仄仄,仄○仄仄平平平。
仄平仄仄仄仄仄,仄仄平仄平仄平。
平平仄仄平仄平,平仄仄仄平平平。
仄○○平仄仄仄,仄仄○仄平平平。
仄平平平平仄平,仄○平仄仄仄平。
仄○仄仄仄仄平,平仄仄仄平仄○。
仄平仄仄仄仄仄,仄平仄仄平仄平。
平平仄○仄仄仄,仄仄仄平平仄平。

本诗为杂言古诗,押平声韵。

刘学箕生平简介

刘学箕,南宋文人,生卒年不详,号方是闲居士。其生平事迹流传甚少,主要活跃于南宋中后期。他隐居不仕,以诗文自娱,著有《方是闲居士小稿》。其文学作品在当时有一定声誉,但后世流传不广,属于文学史上较为冷门的文人。

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