嫠答媒

作者: 胡次焱(宋) 体裁:五言古诗

全宋诗热度:
★★☆☆☆
胡次焱作品热度:
★★★☆☆

诗歌内容

嫠答媒,妾自怜。

妾家贫如洗,妾貌粧不妍。

中年方择配,幸逢夫婿贤。

蓝桥疑仙会,红叶开良缘。

俯以奉箕箒,仰焉供豆笾。

粤从定六礼,稳图偕百年。

讵疑有家愿,倏罹中道捐。

城崩哭呦呦,竹斑泪溅溅。

空房照明月,幽陇凄寒烟。

禽鸟喧墓门,魄降魂翩翩。

蛜蝛满窗户,心结目涓涓。

寮室昔华屋,埋玉今荒阡。

恨不即同穴,何忍续断弦。

翻思合{丞一=巴}初,参透老婆禅。

如鱼水游泳,如茑萝缠绵。

奈何生死阔,泛泛水中船。

绸缪为夫妇,反复如市廛。

徒贻杨华丑,宁免柳絮颠。

妾颇亲笔砚,亦尝阅简编。

女不践二庭,妇不再移天。

陶婴寡鹄吟,卫妻孤燕篇。

或刑耳自誓,或断发自全。

或劓鼻偃蹇,或毁面迍邅。

吾足幸可刖,吾臂不可牵。

卓卓节操立,表表凤孤𬸣。

藐兹未亡人,有意奉周全。

媒虽悯妾寡,媒适重妾愆。

妾命春叶薄,妾心顽石坚。

栖栖谋尺布,岂不羡罽毡。

皇皇图斗粟,岂不思荤膻。

胝手任舂汲,孰与奴婢千。

鞠躬跧衡茅,孰与疏绮便。

枯荄欣回春,缺月喜再圆。

世谁不乐此,妾意独不然。

理义自有闲,物欲常无厌。

三少秽难洗,五嫁丑莫镌。

浮荣瞥似电,遗臭流如川。

媒言颇喋喋,媒意遽拳拳。

之死矢靡他,斯言当真诠。

文姬殊妖媚,易安亦婵娟。

失身再事人,彤管无取焉。

节义日以颓,文章何足诠。

王母有差事,青鸟信频传。

毋乃堕人欲,反以污天仙。

嫦娥岂不嫁,空抱老金蟾。

所以广寒宫,万古清鉴悬。

宁贫任劳鹿,宁贱受磨研。

宁冻如寒蝇,宁饿如饥鸢。

终不以快乐,而易此忧煎。

井底水不波,山头石不迁。

再拜谢媒妁,归来双泪涟。

十袭藏破镜,他年会黄泉。

白话文翻译

寡妇回答媒人,我自怜自哀。

我家贫穷如洗,我的容貌也不加妆饰,并不美丽。

中年时才选择配偶,有幸遇到贤良的夫婿。

在蓝桥相会疑是神仙安排,红叶题诗开启了美好姻缘。

低头恭敬地操持家务,擡头虔诚地准备祭祀供品。

自从完成六礼定下婚事,便安稳地期望白头偕老。

哪里料到成家的愿望,突然遭遇中途的捐弃。

城墙崩塌我像鹿一样哀鸣哭泣,泪水洒在竹上留下斑痕。

空荡的房间只有明月照耀,幽暗的坟陇凄冷地笼罩着寒烟。

禽鸟在墓门前喧闹,我的魂魄降临,飘摇不定。

蜘蛛爬满了窗户,我的心绪郁结,眼泪缓缓流淌。

昔日的寝室是华美的房屋,如今埋玉的坟冢已成荒凉的小径。

恨不得立刻与他同穴而葬,怎能忍心续接断掉的琴弦。

翻过来回想结合之初,参透了夫妻生活的禅理。

像鱼儿在水中畅游,像茑萝般缠绵相依。

无奈生死相隔如此遥远,如同水中漂浮不定的船只。

亲密地结为夫妇,反复无常却像市场交易。

只会留下杨花般的丑名,怎能避免柳絮般的狂颠。

我颇为亲近笔墨纸砚,也曾阅读书册典籍。

女子不踏入第二个庭院,妇人不再改嫁另事他人。

陶婴作《寡鹄吟》,卫妻写《孤燕篇》。

有人割耳自誓守节,有人断发明志保全贞洁。

有人割鼻以示不屈,有人毁容以表艰难不移。

我的脚幸而可以砍去,我的手臂却不可被牵引(失节)。

卓然不群的节操已然树立,孤高的凤凰独自翱翔。

渺小的我这个未亡人,有心要奉行周全的节义。

媒人虽然怜悯我寡居,媒人的行为恰恰加重了我的罪过感。

我的命运如春叶般薄脆,但我的心志如顽石般坚固。

惶惶不安地谋求一尺布帛,难道不羡慕那毛毡的温暖?

急切地图谋一斗粮食,难道不思念荤腥美味?

亲手劳作承担舂米汲水,怎能与拥有千名奴婢相比?

鞠躬屈身在简陋茅屋,怎能与宽敞华美的居所相比?

枯草欣喜于重回春天,缺月高兴于再次圆满。

世人谁不乐于享受这些?唯独我的心意不是这样。

理义自有其界限,物欲却常常没有满足。

三次改嫁的污秽难以洗清,五次婚嫁的丑恶无法刻除。

虚浮的荣华一瞥即逝如闪电,留下的恶名却流传如长河。

媒人的言辞颇为喋喋不休,媒人的心意突然变得恳切。

至死誓无他心,这句话应当作为真诚的诠释。

蔡文姬虽然格外妖娆妩媚,李清照也是婵娟美丽。

但失身再嫁侍奉他人,史笔并不会选取她们为典范。

节义日益衰颓,文章又有什幺值得称道的呢?

西王母若有差事,青鸟的信使频频传递。

恐怕是堕入了人的欲望,反而玷污了天仙的清白。

嫦娥难道没有嫁人?却空自抱着老金蟾(孤独度日)。

所以那广寒宫,高悬着万古清澈的明镜(以鉴贞洁)。

宁愿贫穷,任凭劳苦如鹿;宁愿低贱,承受磨砺研压。

宁愿冻得像寒天的苍蝇,宁愿饿得像饥饿的老鹰。

终究不会用短暂的快乐,来交换这忧心如煎的痛苦。

井底的水不起波澜,山头的石头不会迁移。

再次拜谢媒人,归来时双眼泪流涟涟。

将破镜层层包裹珍藏,待到黄泉之下再与他相会。

英文翻译

Widow's Reply to the Matchmaker

I pity myself, a lonely soul.

My family is poor as can be, my looks are plain and unadorned.

In middle age I chose a mate, and was blessed with a worthy husband.

At Blue Bridge we met as if by fate, a red leaf sealed our happy union.

I served him humbly in daily chores, and reverently prepared the rites.

From the six rites of betrothal onward, I dreamed of a hundred years together.

Who could have foreseen my hopes dashed, suddenly cut short on life's journey?

I wailed like a deer at the crumbling wall, my tears stained the bamboo with spots.

The empty room is lit by the moon, the lonely grave shrouded in cold mist.

Birds clamor at the tomb's gate, my spirit descends, fluttering and faint.

Spiders fill the windows and doors, my heart is knotted, eyes brim with tears.

Once our chamber was a splendid house, now buried jade lies in a wild field.

I regret not sharing the same grave at once; how could I bear to mend a broken string?

Recalling our early days of union, I grasp the wisdom of the old wife's Zen.

Like fish swimming in water, like ivy clinging close.

But alas, life and death are vast, like a boat adrift on the water.

Bound as husband and wife, yet fickle as the marketplace.

I would only invite the shame of willow catkins, never escape the folly of poplar fluff.

I am somewhat learned with brush and ink, and have read the classics and histories.

A woman does not step into two courtyards; a wife does not shift her heaven again.

Tao Ying sang of the widowed swan, the wife of Wei wrote of the lonely swallow.

Some cut their ears to swear an oath, some severed their hair to preserve their honor.

Some sliced their noses in defiance, some marred their faces in steadfast resolve.

My feet I would gladly cut off, but my arm cannot be led astray.

A lofty chastity stands firm, a phoenix soars alone, unmatched.

Though I am but a humble widow, I intend to uphold integrity.

Matchmaker, you pity my widowhood, but you only deepen my fault.

My fate is as thin as a spring leaf, but my heart is hard as a rock.

Anxious for a foot of cloth, do I not envy the fine wool?

Eager for a peck of grain, do I not think of meat and spice?

My hands calloused from pounding and drawing—how compare to a thousand maids?

Bowing in my humble hut—how compare to ease in silken rooms?

Withered roots rejoice in spring's return, the broken moon delights to be whole.

Who in this world does not love such things? Yet I alone am not so inclined.

Principle and righteousness have their bounds; material desires are never sated.

Three marriages foul and hard to cleanse, five weddings shameful, carved in disgrace.

Fleeting glory flashes like lightning, lasting stench flows like a river.

Your words, matchmaker, are so glib; your intent is suddenly earnest.

Until death, I vow no other—this word shall be my true creed.

Wenji was exceedingly charming, Yi'an too was lovely and fair.

But to lose virtue and serve another—the red brush records no praise.

Chastity and duty decline each day; what worth then are mere writings?

The Queen Mother has her errands, the blue bird's messages frequent.

Do not fall into human desires, and thus defile the heavenly immortals.

Chang'e—did she not marry? She but hugs an old golden toad.

Thus the Moon Palace, for all eternity, hangs a clear mirror of purity.

Better to be poor and toil like a deer, better to be lowly and endure grinding.

Better to freeze like a cold fly, better to starve like a hungry kite.

Never would I trade this sorrow for fleeting joy.

The water at the well's bottom stays unrippled; the stone on the mountain's peak remains unmoved.

I bow twice to decline the matchmaker, return with twin streams of tears.

I'll wrap and hide the broken mirror; in the afterlife, we'll meet at the Yellow Springs.

深度解构

自怜之答,是对个体命运在伦理周期中的无奈认知。

诗意解析

诗意概括

寡妇回答媒人,自言自怜,直抒守寡孤苦与内心哀伤。

《嫠答媒》主题、情感、意象与语气

主题: 闺怨 · 爱情 · 婚嫁

情感: 孤寂 · 悲凉 · 幽怨

意象: · ·

语气: 抒情 · 婉约 · 缠绵

格律

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○平平仄仄,仄平平仄平。
平平平平仄,平仄平平○。
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仄○仄仄仄,仄平平仄平。
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平○仄平平,○仄仄平○。
○平仄平仄,○仄平○平。
仄平平仄仄,仄仄仄○平。
平○平平仄,仄仄○仄平。
平平平平仄,平仄仄仄平。
仄○○仄仄,仄平仄仄平。
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平平仄仄○,仄○平○平。
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平平平仄仄,仄仄仄仄平。
平平平仄仄,仄仄○平平。
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○仄仄○仄,仄仄仄仄平。
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平仄仄仄平,平平○平平。
平平平平仄,仄平仄平平。
仄平仄仄平,平仄平仄平。
仄仄仄仄平,平平平仄平。
○仄仄平仄,平仄仄平○。
平仄○平仄,仄仄○平平。
?平仄仄仄,○仄仄平平。
仄仄仄平平,仄仄平○平。
平平平○仄,平仄仄○平。
平仄○平平,平仄○平平。
平仄仄仄仄,平仄仄平○。
仄仄仄仄平,平平仄仄平。
仄仄仄平仄,平平平仄平。
仄仄○仄仄,平平仄平平。

本诗为五言古诗,押平声韵。

胡次焱生平简介

胡次焱,南宋末年至元初文人,具体生卒年不详,祖籍婺源(今属江西)。他是宋亡后隐居不仕的遗民诗人,其诗作多抒发故国之思与身世之感,在宋末遗民文学中占有一席之地,但传世作品较少,生平事迹亦多湮没。

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