作者: 戴埴(宋) 体裁:杂言古诗

全宋诗热度:
★★☆☆☆
戴埴作品热度:
★★★☆☆

诗歌内容

玄黓执徐岁,月律终无射。

京师连雨雹,小者如弹,大者如拳。

林柯叶乱下,乌鸢折飞翮。

屋瓦砉划遭击扑,居人颠沛,行道错愕。

初疑巨飓掀卷冯夷宫,渊珍散堕光闪烁。

复疑清霄万里驱长蛟,泣泪盈盈骤飘薄。

棱层水精碎,喷噀珠琲滑。

有识觑天巧,一何景象恶。

尝闻圣人在上冬夏无愆伏,亭毒二气不相剥。

破块封条已无异,祉羽无劳验风角。

今天子握极衡,运斗枢,景化豫顺,群慝萧灼。

精祲胡未孚,冰雨堕霄幕。

其欲霈广泽,胡不为甘霖,沾丐枯焦重甲拆。

其欲膏土脉,胡不为晞薤,厌浥瀼瀼普渐洽。

其欲表诛伐,胡不为皑𩅀,驷见而𫕥,草木黄落。

其欲弭蛰虫、滋生植,胡不为嘉平之三白,驱蝗入地千百尺。

或云水汽专一不解散,胡不为长河玉岸之寒冰,可纳凌室助颁刷。

或云阴气胁阳不相入,胡不为氤氲五色之卿霭,叶应丰穰昭帝德。

此雹舒不如雨露,惨不如霜雪,结不如冰澌之严沍,散不如云雾之葱郁。

天非欲示惩,讵用作戏剧。

汉儒说证应,纷纷太不一。

或贤邪易位,或赋敛苛刻,或妻妾失伦,或大臣擅法。

玄道幽且渺,牵附多穿凿。

仲尼百世师,麟经戒侵逼。

此变凡在书,公室寖衰削。

自下凌上曰僭,以柔变刚曰剥。

沸汤湛冷泉,凝寒胜燠热。

温雨受阴氛,凌沍自然结。

时当秋气杪,是理尤彰灼。

风起庚,庚作令。

日行西,西主杀。

数至九变,金乃从革。

大则为兵小刑罚,内外靡不以时决。

天地方会藏,沴候生京洛。

得非少皡执矩未洁齐,得非蓐收为正有颠错,得非箕伯吞声不扫除,青女护奸不除灭。

穹旻赫然奋严威,重阴胶固纷零落。

我愿圣王睹此揽乾纲,用夬决,登俊良,屏邪慝。

阴尘静扫单于庭,阳和遍龡邹子律。

大明威威照九州,寒燠时序百谷熟。

天若雨珠真可噱,请以缀衮冕之十二旒,龙旗和鸾之缨络。

白话文翻译

在玄黓执徐这一年,

月律终结于无射之月。

京城接连遭受雨雹,

小的如弹丸,大的如拳头。

林木枝叶纷乱落下,

乌鸦鹞鹰折断飞羽。

屋瓦被击打而碎裂,

居民颠沛流离,行路之人惊愕失措。

起初怀疑是巨大的飓风掀翻了河伯的宫殿,

深渊的珍宝散落,光芒闪烁。

又怀疑是万里晴空驱赶着长蛟,

它的盈盈泪水骤然飘洒而下。

层层水晶般的水雹碎裂,

喷溅的珠串光滑溜走。

有识之士窥见天工的巧妙,

这是何等恶劣的景象!

曾听说圣人在位时,冬夏没有失常,

化育阴阳二气,使它们不相冲突。

打破土块、封闭枝条已无异常,

无需用羽毛占卜来验证风向。

当今天子掌握北极星般的权柄,

运转北斗的枢轴,教化昌明顺利,各种邪恶都被清除。

为何精诚之气尚未使人信服,冰雨却从天空帷幕坠落?

若想普降恩泽,为何不成为甘霖,

滋润那干枯焦裂的厚重甲壳?

若想肥沃土地,为何不成为晨露,

湿润丰沛,普遍渐次渗透?

若想显示诛伐,为何不成为皑皑白霜,

当驷星出现而陨落时,草木枯黄凋零?

若想止息蛰虫、滋生植物,为何不成为嘉平时节的瑞雪,

将蝗虫驱入地下千百尺?

有人说水汽凝聚不散,

为何不成为长河玉岸的寒冰,

可以纳入冰室协助颁赐?

有人说阴气胁迫阳气不相融合,

为何不成为五色祥和的云气,

协和感应丰年,昭显帝王德行?

这冰雹,论舒润不如雨露,

论凄惨不如霜雪,

论凝结不如寒冰的严酷冻结,

论消散不如云雾的葱郁茂盛。

上天并非要显示惩罚,岂能用作儿戏?

汉代儒生解说灾异应验,

众说纷纭,极不统一。

有的说是贤邪易位,

有的说是赋税苛刻,

有的说是妻妾失序,

有的说是大臣擅权枉法。

玄妙之道幽深渺远,

牵强附会多有穿凿。

孔子是百世之师,

《春秋》经中告诫侵凌逼迫。

此种灾变凡在史书记载,

公室就逐渐衰微削弱。

以下犯上叫做僭越,

以柔变刚叫做剥蚀。

沸水注入冷泉,

凝寒胜过炎热。

温暖的雨遭遇阴冷之气,

自然凝结成冰。

时值秋末,

这个道理尤为显著。

风从庚位兴起,庚行使它的号令。

太阳运行到西方,西方主掌杀伐。

数至九变,金行于是顺从变革。

大则成为战争,小则成为刑罚,

内外无不按时决断。

天地正逢闭藏之时,

灾戾之气生于京洛。

莫非是少昊执掌矩尺不够整齐?

莫非是蓐收作为刑官有颠倒错乱?

莫非是风伯吞声不扫除污秽?

莫非是青女庇护奸邪不予除灭?

苍天赫然奋发威严,

重阴凝固坚固,纷纷零落。

我愿圣王目睹此景,总揽朝纲,

运用决断,进用贤良,屏退奸邪。

扫净阴尘于单于的庭帐,

让阳和之气吹遍邹衍的律管。

大明威严照耀九州,

寒暑应时,百谷丰熟。

上天若真下珍珠倒可笑,

请用来缀饰衮冕的十二旒,

以及龙旗鸾铃的缨络。

英文翻译

In the year of Xuan Yi and Zhi Xu,

The lunar month ends with Wu She.

The capital is pelted by rain and hail,

Small as pellets, large as fists.

Leaves from forest branches scatter down,

Crows and kites break their wings in flight.

Roof tiles crack and shatter under the blows,

Residents are thrown into panic, travelers stand aghast.

At first, I thought a giant whirlwind churned the River Lord's palace,

Treasures from the deep scattering, glinting and flashing.

Then I wondered if a long dragon was driven across the clear sky,

Its copious tears suddenly falling thin and swift.

Layered crystal shatters,

Sprayed pearls slide smooth.

Those who discern Heaven's craft,

How dreadful a scene they behold!

I've heard when a sage reigns, winter and summer never stray,

Nurturing the two energies, they do not clash.

Breaking clods and sealing twigs show no difference,

No need for augury with feathers to test the wind's corner.

Now our Son of Heaven holds the pole star's balance,

Turns the Dipper's pivot, his bright rule smooth and favorable, all evils scorched away.

Why then has the essence not been trusted, icy rain falling from the sky's curtain?

If it wishes to spread wide blessings, why not be sweet rain,

Moistening the parched and cracked heavy armor?

If it wishes to enrich the soil's veins, why not be dew at dawn,

Soaking richly, spreading widely, gradually soaking through?

If it wishes to show punishment, why not be white frost,

When the four horses appear and fall, grass and trees yellow and wither?

If it wishes to halt hibernating insects, to foster growth,

Why not be the three snows of Jiaping, driving locusts underground a thousand feet?

Some say water vapor concentrates and will not disperse,

Why not be the cold ice of the long river's jade banks,

That can be stored in icehouses to aid distribution?

Some say yin energy oppresses yang, they do not blend,

Why not be the five-colored auspicious mist,

In harmony responding, heralding abundant harvests, displaying the emperor's virtue?

This hail, in relief, is not like rain or dew,

In bleakness, not like frost or snow,

In solidity, not like the severe freeze of ice,

In dispersal, not like the lush density of cloud and mist.

Heaven does not wish to show punishment, how could it be used for play?

Han Confucians' theories of portents,

Are numerous and far from uniform.

Some say worthy and evil change places,

Some say taxes are harsh and exacting,

Some say wives and concubines lose proper order,

Some say ministers arrogate the law.

The dark Way is deep and remote,

Forced connections often are far-fetched.

Confucius, teacher for a hundred generations,

In the Spring and Autumn Annals warned against encroachment.

This change, recorded in all books,

Shows the ducal house gradually declining and削弱.

From below encroaching above is called usurpation,

Using soft to change hard is called stripping.

Boiling water poured into a cold spring,

Congealing cold overcomes sweltering heat.

Warm rain meets yin atmosphere,

Naturally congeals into solid ice.

The season is at autumn's end,

This principle is especially clear.

Wind rises from Geng, Geng issues its command.

The sun travels west, west governs killing.

Numbers reach nine changes, metal then follows transformation.

Greatly it becomes war, smallly punishment,

Inside and out, all is decided in its time.

Heaven and earth just now store away,

Pestilential signs arise in the capital Luo.

Is it not that Shao Hao holding the square lacked purity?

Is it not that Ru Shou as regulator had颠倒 errors?

Is it not that Ji伯 swallowed his voice and did not sweep away?

The Green Maiden protected evil and did not eradicate?

The vault of heaven fiercely stirs its stern might,

Heavy yin congeals and固, scattering in零落.

I wish the sage king, seeing this, would grasp the cosmic reins,

Use decisive judgment, promote the worthy and good,屏除邪 and evil.

Sweep clean the阴 dust from the Chanyu's court,

Let阳 and harmony吹遍 Zou子's pitch-pipes.

The great sun, majestic, shines on the nine provinces,

Cold and warmth follow order, all grains ripen.

If Heaven rains pearls, truly laughable,

I ask to adorn the twelve tassels of the imperial crown,

The tassels of dragon banners and harmonious bells.

深度解构

历法认知揭示时间治理的周期规律

诗意解析

诗意概括

以天文历法隐喻自然秩序与岁月流转

《雹》主题、情感、意象与语气

主题: 祭祀 · 怀古 · 咏史

情感: 虔敬 · 肃穆 · 怅惘

意象: · 月律 · 玄黓

语气: 庄重 · 典雅 · 沉郁

格律

平仄仄平仄,仄仄平平仄。
平平平仄仄,仄仄○○,仄仄○平。
平平仄仄仄,平平○平仄。
仄仄仄仄平仄仄,平平平仄,○仄仄仄。
平平仄?平仄平平平,平平仄○平仄仄。
仄平平平仄仄○○平,仄仄平平仄平仄。
平平仄平仄,○仄平仄仄。
仄仄仄平仄,仄平仄仄仄。
平○仄平仄仄平仄平平仄,平仄仄仄仄○仄。
仄仄○平仄平仄,仄仄平○仄平仄。
平平仄仄仄平,仄仄平,仄仄仄仄,平仄平仄。
平平平仄平,平仄○平仄。
○仄仄仄仄,平仄平平平,○仄平平○仄仄。
○仄○仄仄,平仄平平仄,仄仄平平仄仄仄。
○仄仄平仄,平仄平平仄,仄仄平仄,仄仄平仄。
○仄仄仄平?平平仄,平仄平平平平○仄,○平仄仄平仄仄。
仄平仄仄平仄仄仄仄,平仄平○平仄仄平平平,仄仄平仄仄平仄。
仄平平仄仄平仄○仄,平仄平平平仄仄平平仄,仄○平○○仄仄。
仄仄平仄○仄仄,仄仄○平仄,仄仄○平○平平仄,仄仄○平仄平平仄。
平平仄仄平,仄仄仄仄仄。
仄平仄仄○,平平仄仄仄。
仄平平仄仄,仄仄仄平仄,仄○仄仄平,仄仄平仄仄。
平仄平○仄,○仄平○仄。
仄○仄仄平,平平仄平仄。
仄仄平仄平,平仄仄平仄。
仄仄平仄仄仄,仄平仄平仄仄。
仄○仄仄平,○平○仄仄。
平仄仄平平,平仄仄平仄。
平○平仄仄,仄仄平平仄。
平仄平,平仄仄。
仄○平,平仄仄。
仄仄仄仄,平仄○仄。
仄仄平平仄平仄,仄仄仄仄仄平仄。
平仄平仄○,仄仄平平仄。
仄平仄仄仄仄仄仄平,仄平仄○平○仄平仄,仄平平仄平平仄仄○,平仄仄平仄○仄。
平平仄平仄平平,○平○仄平平仄。
仄仄仄○仄仄仄平平,仄仄仄,平仄平,○平仄。
平平仄仄平平○,平○仄?平仄仄。
仄平平平仄仄平,平仄平仄仄仄仄。
平仄仄平平仄仄,仄仄仄仄仄平仄仄平,平平○平平平仄。

本诗为杂言古诗,押平声韵。

戴埴生平简介

戴埴,南宋文人,生卒年及籍贯均不详,主要活动于南宋中后期。其生平事迹在正史中记载极少,仅通过少量存世诗作及笔记文献得以窥见。在文学史上,他属于较为冷门的诗人,作品流传不广,但部分诗作反映了当时的社会风貌与文人心态,具有一定的认识价值。

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