历代传授歌

作者: 陈普(宋) 体裁:七言古诗

全宋诗热度:
★★☆☆☆
陈普作品热度:
★★☆☆☆

诗歌内容

伏羲神农黄帝氏,名曰三皇居上世。

少昊颛顼及高辛,唐虞尧舜为五帝。

夏商周兮曰三代,三王禹汤文武是。

尧舜传官禹传家,天与人与非私畀。

夏禹一传启以贤,少康兴夏灭猿𤡬。

十有七世至桀王,成汤放桀夏绪坠。

殷汤应天而顺人,兴王地方七十里。

太甲太戊及武丁,三宗有商为专美。

祖乙盘庚亦贤君,三十传纣覆商祀。

周兴积累由后稷,公刘太王及王季。

文王大勋武王集,伐纣牧野作牧誓。

成王嗣位在幼冲,周公辅政天下治。

成康措刑四十年,几移周鼎幽与厉。

夷王下堂王室卑,平王东迁春秋始。

至于威烈春秋终,二百四十二年尔。

鲁卫晋郑蔡燕曹,姬氏同姓皆兄弟。

异姓齐楚秦宋陈,春秋列国侯十二。

其间五霸相继兴,齐桓小白晋重耳。

宋襄秦穆及楚庄,名曰尊王假仁义。

战国七雄莫如秦,韩赵魏燕齐楚起。

秦灭六国吞二周,周祚至于赧王止。

天王三十有七传,八百余年属周纪。

秦帝始皇太暴虐,位传二世而已矣。

汉室龙兴灭秦项,高祖刘邦赤帝子。

末年国本几动摇,四皓一出回孝惠。

吕后临朝诸吕反,頼有平勃植赤帜。

文景之世比成康,武帝好大功伐喜。

霍光拥昭而立宣,江充诬谮太子戾。

厥后外戚多擅权,平帝新室莽篡位。

光武诛莽复中兴,汉为东汉炎运炽。

明章二帝世所称,至于灵献汉祚替。

前汉高文武宣朝,后汉光明章七制。

两汉相传二十四,禅魏曹丕窃神器。

分为三国魏蜀吴,鹬蚌相持真鼎峙。

魏则曹丕吴孙权,蜀则先主称刘备。

魏曹承汉才四传,天下权归司马氏。

晋室肇兴司马炎,三王追谥昭思懿。

两三传间至怀愍,群胡云扰如鼎沸。

五凉前后南北西,四燕前后南北异。

秦前后西赵前后,后蜀大夏相吞噬。

东晋元帝都建康,天下南北分形势。

南则晋宋齐梁陈,北则元魏东西魏。

北齐后周犹一隅,隋文混一朔南暨。

平陈禅周隋杨坚,夫何三世隋嗣毙。

李唐继之纂洪图,高祖太宗成功易。

武后易唐而为周,仁杰一言回睿意。

玄宗末载溺杨妃,禄山叛逆为子弑。

肃宗东征复两京,宪宗见弑陈洪志。

文宗有才诛克明,德宗猜忌任卢杞。

太宗玄宗及宪宗,号称三宗商可拟。

末后难制藩镇强,宦官奉立皆私议。

唐后迭兴有五代,梁唐晋汉周相继。

五代五十三年间,后有十国皆僭伪。

齐楚吴燕汉晋唐,周蜀吴越如蜂猬。

宋受周禅握干符,扫除僭伪皆风靡。

太祖姓赵都汴京,雪夜常幸赵普第。

太宗真仁英神哲,历代承平善继嗣。

至于徽钦金虏来,误国奸臣京与桧。

高宗南渡宋复兴,建都钱唐歌舞地。

孝及光宁守偏方,侂胄既诛由诸史。

在位历年四十余,前有仁宗后有理。

至于度宗宋祚微,皆由平章似道弃。

建隆德祐十六传,大元一统兴燕蓟。

白话文翻译

伏羲、神农、黄帝,称为三皇,居于上古之世。

少昊、颛顼、高辛,加上唐尧、虞舜,是为五帝。

夏、商、周啊,称为三代;三王是禹、汤、文王、武王。

尧舜传让官位,禹传位于子;这是天意与人心所向,并非私相授受。

夏禹传位给贤能的启;少康复兴夏朝,消灭了寒浞。

传了十七世到了桀王;成汤流放桀,夏朝的统绪坠落。

殷商汤王顺应天命而合乎人心,兴起时领地只有方圆七十里。

太甲、太戊和武丁,这三位商王使商朝独擅美名。

祖乙、盘庚也是贤明君主;传了三十代至纣王,商朝的祭祀被颠覆。

周朝的兴起积累自后稷,经公刘、太王、王季。

文王奠定大功,武王总其成;在牧野讨伐纣王,作《牧誓》。

成王继位时还在幼年;周公辅政,天下大治。

成王、康王搁置刑罚四十年;周鼎几乎被幽王、厉王移动。

夷王下堂见诸侯,王室威严衰微;平王东迁,春秋时代开始。

到威烈王时春秋时代终结,共计二百四十二年。

鲁、卫、晋、郑、蔡、燕、曹,都是姬姓同宗兄弟。

异姓国有齐、楚、秦、宋、陈,春秋列国诸侯共十二个。

其间五霸相继兴起:齐桓公小白、晋文公重耳。

宋襄公、秦穆公及楚庄王,名义上尊奉周王,假借仁义。

战国七雄没有谁比得上秦国;韩、赵、魏、燕、齐、楚兴起。

秦国灭六国,吞并东、西二周;周朝国运到赧王为止。

天子之位传了三十七代;八百多年属于周朝的纪年。

秦朝始皇帝太过暴虐;皇位传到二世就结束了。

汉室如龙兴起,灭秦与项羽;高祖刘邦是赤帝之子。

晚年国家根本几乎动摇;四位皓发老者一出,挽回孝惠帝。

吕后临朝听政,诸吕造反;幸有陈平、周勃树立汉家旗帜。

文帝、景帝之世可比成康;武帝好大喜功,喜爱征伐。

霍光拥立昭帝而后立宣帝;江充诬陷,导致太子戾之祸。

此后外戚多擅权;平帝时,新朝王莽篡位。

光武帝诛杀王莽,中兴汉室;汉朝成为东汉,火德运势炽盛。

明帝、章帝为世人所称道;到了灵帝、献帝,汉朝国运被替代。

前汉有高帝、文帝、武帝、宣帝;后汉有光武帝、明帝、章帝,共七位明君。

两汉相传共二十四帝;曹丕篡夺神器,禅让给魏。

天下分为三国魏、蜀、吴;如鹬蚌相争,形成鼎足之势。

魏是曹丕,吴是孙权;蜀则是先主刘备。

曹魏承继汉朝仅四传;天下权柄归于司马氏。

晋朝开创者是司马炎;追谥三位先王为景帝、文帝、宣帝。

传了两三代到怀帝、愍帝;胡人纷扰如鼎中沸水。

五凉:前凉、后凉、南凉、北凉、西凉;四燕:前燕、后燕、南燕、北燕,各不相同。

秦:前秦、后秦、西秦;赵:前赵、后赵;后蜀、大夏互相吞并。

东晋元帝定都建康;天下形成南北分裂的形势。

南方是晋、宋、齐、梁、陈;北方是元魏(北魏)、东魏、西魏。

北齐、后周仍偏居一隅;隋文帝统一了南北。

隋文帝杨坚平定陈朝,接受北周禅让;为何传了三代隋朝就灭亡了?

李唐继承了大业,纂承洪图;高祖、太宗成就功业容易。

武则天改唐为周;狄仁杰一番话使皇帝回心转意。

玄宗晚年沉溺于杨贵妃;安禄山叛逆,被其子所杀。

肃宗东征,收复两京;宪宗被宦官陈弘志弑杀。

文宗有才,诛杀刘克明;德宗猜忌,任用卢杞。

太宗、玄宗及宪宗,号称三宗,或许可与商朝三宗相比。

末期难以控制藩镇强大;宦官拥立皇帝,都是私下议定。

唐朝之后更迭兴起了五代:梁、唐、晋、汉、周相继。

五代五十三年间;之后有十国,都是僭越伪政权。

齐、楚、吴、燕、汉、晋、唐;周、蜀、吴、越,如刺猬蜂拥。

宋朝接受后周禅让,掌握天命;扫除僭伪,所向披靡。

太祖姓赵,定都汴京;雪夜常常驾临赵普府第。

太宗、真宗、仁宗、英宗、神宗、哲宗,历代承平,善于继嗣。

到了徽宗、钦宗时,金虏南侵;误国奸臣是蔡京与秦桧。

高宗南渡,宋朝复兴;建都钱塘,歌舞升平之地。

孝宗、光宗、宁宗偏守一方;韩侂胄被杀后,由史弥远等人执政。

在位四十多年;前有仁宗,后有理宗。

到了度宗,宋朝国运衰微;都是因为平章军国重事贾似道被弃用。

从建隆到德祐,共十六传;大元一统天下,兴起于燕蓟之地。

英文翻译

Fu Xi, Shen Nong, and Huang Di, the Three Sovereigns, ruled in the ancient world.

Shao Hao, Zhuan Xu, and Gao Xin, with Yao and Shun, the Five Emperors held sway.

Xia, Shang, and Zhou are called the Three Dynasties; their kings were Yu, Tang, Wen, and Wu.

Yao and Shun passed on office; Yu passed on his house—Heaven and man's will, not private gifts.

Xia Yu passed it to Qi, who was worthy; Shao Kang revived Xia and destroyed the rebel.

Seventeen reigns later came King Jie; Tang Cheng overthrew Jie, and Xia's line fell.

Yin Tang responded to Heaven and obeyed men, rising as king from a land of seventy li.

Tai Jia, Tai Wu, and Wu Ding—these three ancestors made Shang's glory unique.

Zu Yi and Pan Geng were also worthy lords; thirty reigns later, Zhou ended Shang's rites.

Zhou's rise was built up by Hou Ji, Gong Liu, Tai Wang, and Wang Ji.

King Wen laid great deeds, King Wu completed them; at Muye they swore the oath to attack Zhou.

King Cheng succeeded while still young; the Duke of Zhou assisted, and all under heaven was ruled.

Under Cheng and Kang, punishments were set aside for forty years; the Zhou tripod nearly moved with You and Li.

King Yi descended the hall, the royal house grew low; King Ping moved east, and the Spring and Autumn began.

It ended with King Weilie; two hundred forty-two years in all.

Lu, Wei, Jin, Zheng, Cai, Yan, Cao—all of Ji's surname were brothers.

Of different surnames: Qi, Chu, Qin, Song, Chen—twelve marquises of the Spring and Autumn states.

Among them, the Five Hegemons rose in turn: Duke Huan of Qi, Xiao Bai, and Chong'er of Jin.

Duke Xiang of Song, Duke Mu of Qin, and King Zhuang of Chu—all in name honored the king, feigning benevolence.

Of the Seven Warring States, none matched Qin; Han, Zhao, Wei, Yan, Qi, and Chu arose.

Qin destroyed six states, swallowed the two Zhous; Zhou's mandate ended with King Nan.

Heaven's Son passed through thirty-seven reigns; over eight hundred years belonged to Zhou's record.

Qin's First Emperor was too cruel and tyrannical; the throne passed only to the second generation.

The Han house rose like a dragon, destroyed Qin and Xiang; Gaozu Liu Bang was the Red Emperor's son.

In his last years, the state's foundation nearly shook; the Four Graybeards emerged and restored Emperor Hui.

Empress Lü held court, the various Lü rebelled; thanks to Chen Ping and Zhou Bo, the red banner was planted.

The reigns of Wen and Jing matched Cheng and Kang; Emperor Wu loved grandeur and delighted in campaigns.

Huo Guang upheld Zhao and set up Xuan; Jiang Chong falsely accused, and the Crown Prince met violence.

Afterward, maternal relatives often seized power; Emperor Ping, the Xin house, Wang Mang usurped the throne.

Guangwu executed Mang and restored the middle rise; Han became Eastern Han, its fiery fortune ablaze.

Emperors Ming and Zhang were praised by the age; by the time of Ling and Xian, Han's mandate was replaced.

Western Han: Gao, Wen, Wu, Xuan; Eastern Han: Guangwu, Ming, Zhang—seven reigns.

The two Hans passed down twenty-four reigns; Cao Pi usurped the sacred vessel, ceding to Wei.

Divided into three kingdoms: Wei, Shu, Wu; like snipe and clam locked in struggle, a true tripod stand.

Wei had Cao Pi, Wu had Sun Quan; Shu had the First Ruler, Liu Bei.

Wei's Cao received Han, lasting just four reigns; the world's power returned to the Sima clan.

The Jin house began with Sima Yan; three kings posthumously titled Zhao, Si, and Yi.

Within two or three reigns, reaching Huai and Min; all the Hu swarmed like a boiling cauldron.

Five Liangs: Former, Later, Northern, Southern, Western; Four Yans: Former, Later, Northern, Southern, distinct.

Qin: Former, Later, Western; Zhao: Former, Later; Later Shu, Great Xia, devouring each other.

Eastern Jin's Yuan Emperor made Jiankang his capital; the world divided north and south in form and power.

South: Jin, Song, Qi, Liang, Chen; North: Yuan Wei, Eastern Wei, Western Wei.

Northern Qi, Later Zhou were still a corner; Sui Wen unified, north and south reaching.

Sui Yang Jian pacified Chen, received Zhou's abdication; why, after three reigns, did Sui's line perish?

Li Tang followed, seizing the grand plan; Gaozu and Taizong achieved success easily.

Wu Hou changed Tang to Zhou; Di Renjie's one word turned the wise mind.

Xuanzong in late years drowned in Consort Yang; An Lushan rebelled, murdered by his son.

Suzong marched east, recovered the two capitals; Xianzong was murdered by Chen Hongzhi.

Wenzong had talent, executed Liu Ke; Dezong was suspicious, trusted Lu Qi.

Taizong, Xuanzong, and Xianzong—called the Three Ancestors, comparable to Shang.

In the end, hard to control the powerful fanzhen; eunuchs installed emperors, all private schemes.

After Tang, arose successively the Five Dynasties: Liang, Tang, Jin, Han, Zhou.

The Five Dynasties, fifty-three years; afterward, ten states, all false claims.

Qi, Chu, Wu, Yan, Han, Jin, Tang; Zhou, Shu, Wu, Yue, like swarming hedgehogs.

Song received Zhou's abdication, grasped Heaven's tally; sweeping away false claims, all fell like wind.

Taizu, surname Zhao, made Bianjing capital; on snowy nights, he often visited Zhao Pu's house.

Taizong, Zhenzong, Renzong, Yingzong, Shenzong, Zhezong—generations of peace, well succeeding.

By the time of Huizong and Qinzong, the Jin invaders came; traitorous ministers Jing and Hui misled the state.

Gaozong crossed south, Song revived; made capital at Qiantang, land of song and dance.

Xiaozong, Guangzong, Ningzong held a corner; after Han Tuozhou was killed, came the various Shi.

On the throne over forty years; before Renzong, after Lizong.

By the time of Duzong, Song's fortune waned; all because Jia Sidao, the Grand Preceptor, was abandoned.

From Jianlong to Deyou, sixteen reigns; the Great Yuan unified, rising in Yan and Ji.

深度解构

梳理上古世系,构建文化认同的历史根基。

诗意解析

诗意概括

以歌谣形式简述上古三皇的世系传承。

《历代传授歌》主题、情感、意象与语气

主题: 颂圣 · 政治 · 咏史

情感: 虔敬 · 肃穆 · 庄重

意象: 伏羲 · 黄帝 · 神农

语气: 庄重 · 典雅 · 雄浑

格律

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本诗为七言古诗,押平声韵。

陈普生平简介

陈普(1244-1315),字尚德,号惧斋,福州长溪(今福建霞浦)人,宋末元初理学家、教育家与诗人。他生于南宋末,入元不仕,隐居授徒,是朱熹理学在闽中的重要传人。其文学创作以诗歌闻名,作品多寓理学思想于诗文之中,风格质朴,关怀民生,在宋元之际的理学诗派中占有一席之地。

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